Marjorie Garbers Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety

Marjorie Garber's Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety The tendency to establish rigid social codes of gender-determined behaviors is apparent everywhere--though specifically present in literary texts. Women are expected to, in essence, be women and act, dress, and behave in a manner that distinguishes them from men. While these constructs are rigidly defined, they are easily and recurrently transcended. In her, Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety, Majorie Garber demonstrates the concept of "cultural binarisms", illustrating them to be the social and historical obsession with polarizing individuals, male or female, into either "one" group or the "other." In her essay, she concentrates her discussion on the importance of dress in the construction of gender and its power in undermining it. Garber writes that gender boundaries--which she defines as blurred social concepts--can be transcended by the cross-dresser. Additionally, the appearance of a transvestite character indicates that a "category crisis" is present, but not limited to gender identity. This "category crisis", is resultant of the "binarisms" which have been disturbed. Herman Mann's account, The Female Review: Life of Deborah Sampson, the Female Soldier, reinforces Garber's assertions about the cross-dressing figure in literature-- once Sampson puts on men's clothing, her identity is changed. She is, therefore, able to transgress the limited capacities of a woman and access her desires to see the world. Mann addresses several instances of "binarisms"--including gender, class, and status--throughout his text. Through his character of Deborah Sampson, he is able to display a separate, but relevant issue of a socially and politically ... ...and(habit). Also, Mann states about Sampson's desire to become a soldier: "and in the end, perhaps, [she would] be instrumental in the CAUSE OF LIBERTY, which had for nearly six years, enveloped the minds of her countrymen" (Mann, 233). This statement makes a direct comment on the state of his country and Sampson's impact on its freedom. In this way, he connects her desires of cross-dressing and living as a man to his desires of witnessing American Liberty. Works Cited: De Erauso, Catalina. Memoir of a Basque Lieutenant Nun. Beacon Press: Boston, 1996. Garber, Marjorie. Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety. Routledge: New York, 1992. Mann, Herman. The Female Reveiw: Life of Deborah Sampson, the Female Soldier. Boston, 1797. Rotundo, Anthony. "Community to the Individual: The Transformation of Manhood". American Manhood, 10-30.

Blood Brothers Essay

Within a Blood Brothers. Compare the role of the narrator in the Play Blood Brothers and consider how you Would present the narrator to an audience if you were the director. The dictionary definition of narrate – VT (a story) to tell, relate; to give an account of; (film, TV) to provide a spoken commentary for narration n – narrator n†¦ The tradition of narration came from the Greek chorus. Their were thirteen people in the chorus; all singing and dancing. The chorus which served as the narrator, asked probing questions, and also gave great advice to the heroes. If there was any violence it was merely narrated, and not presented for fear of offending the audience. The purpose of the narrator is to let the audience know what is going on. Narration is one of the most important components of a story. The characters, plot, setting, and theme are also significant; however the narrator sets the mood and also the pace of the story, as well as predicting what might happen when the narrator is omniscient. In Blood Brothers the narrator plays a variety of roles for example sometimes he is at a higher status than them and also is sometimes very negative. The original Greek narrator was in a chorus which consisted of thirteen people, in the play ‘Blood Brothers’ the narrator sang with the characters but he was much more involved and not separated, as the Greek chorus were. The Greek chorus usually stayed as part of the chorus or on the side of the stage. They knew everything about the characters and sometimes they could see into the future like in ‘Blood Brothers’ when the narrator was preparing the audience for what was going to come next in throughout the play. They usually spoke the beginning and end of the play. He narrated the beginning of the play to set the scene and at the end he was the last one to speak before they in ‘Blood Brothers’ case this was just after the twins died. In act 1 scene 1 the narrator is a storyteller. He also sounds, very negative in what he is saying as he says ‘ Brother parted from brother’ ‘Wrenched apart’ ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ which is negative. His mother gave him away because she didn’t think she would be able to cope and also because of money as well as her other seven children. I feel that the narrator is being very harsh because the way he says ‘A stone in the place of a heart’ but she knew that she might be able to cope with one more children but not with two as it’s only her to look after them. I don’t think its good that the narrator manipulates the characters minds as it is coming away from the tradition so I don’t think that’s a good idea because as soon as one thing changes they change everything. In this scene Act 1 scene 3 ‘the shoes the shoes†¦ ‘ ‘What’s wrong with them’ ‘on. On the table take them off†¦ take them off’ ‘oh god you never put new shoes on a table Miss Lyons. You never know what might happen. ‘ The narrator is forcing the idea of superstitions and it makes the audience wonder if it will have any effects, as it appears to. Eventually he is also trying to enforce that as she was not very well educated and believe in superstition like that but as the educated ones know more and are better off so they don’t believe in as much superstition as them. The narrator appears to be working in Mrs Lyons favour and against the mother. In act 1 scene 6 the narrator informs the audience he has also set up his plan on controlling the families, that the mother reminding the audience of the decision and is regretting giving her baby away, ‘ The debt’ makes it sound like it’s a business deal and is also a metaphor, ‘ Paid’ those words are both cold. The narrator is also blaming the mother for giving her child away. I think that it is her fault for giving her child but at the end of the day she knew she wouldn’t be able to cope with any more children so she had to do something. The narrator’s main role throughout the show is to act as a constant reminder to us of the brother’s tragic fate for example ‘Shoes upon the table’ which is repeated throughout both acts of the show. In Act 2 scene 1 the narrator makes this scene particularly eerie. The idea of the devil being there all the time indicates something terrible might happen. Here he is playing the part of the devil ‘there’s no use clutching at your rosary, the Devils in the back yard, he can see thought the gaps in the curtains he sees it all, there’s no use in hiding in the hall. When he raps at the knocker then he knows you’re in; No you wont no you’ll never get away from him. This raises an evil issue as he’s everywhere. The last two lines ‘No you won’t, No you’ll never get away from him. ‘ Is an eerie writing that is repeated for even more effect. From Act 2 scene 11 we notice from the first two lines that there is repetition. The only difference is of the back yard working – class garden middle class. ‘Devil in your bones getting into your ghostly running away from someone you can run hide but he’ll always find you when he rings at the chimes’ it builds up tension as he is saying that you will never get away from the devil even if you run hide he’ll always find you and is also showing the ghostly side of him, and again the idea of the negative within the play. From Act 4 Scene 1 we notice the narrator in a positive light as he comments ‘The summers never ever going to end’ ‘ The devil is hardly visible’. There is not much evidence of negative. The narrator also makes the audience happy which also makes the m unprepared for what is coming. In Act 4 scene 2 there is as difference as the social class has divided them because Mickey wanted to work but Eddie has a lot of money and doesn’t have to work which causes frustration for Mickey. Again the narrator hints at the idea that the social class division may lead to a negative outcome. In this scene (Act 4 scene 3) Mickey is offered a job from Eddie but refuses it and is sad because he cannot find one himself, the feels that he has lost the sense of pride. Again this gives the audience even more clue that because of this Mickey and Eddie will be torn apart even more. In Act 5 scene 1 Linda got Mickey and Eddie takes over his fathers business. Gradually throughout the play the narrator is not warning + predicting but gradually taking over the whole character by being within that character. If I was the director I would dress the narrator in black as that is a dark colour and also can represent the negativity in the play. But I would also dress him in a lighter colour like yellow to show the happier side of the narrator. I would make him dress in red to show the devil side of him or give him a red fork so show that there is also a devil with in him when he is manipulating the characters to do bad things or talking in a cold tone. I’d also consider putting him at a higher status I would make him stand on the balcony or on staging blocks as he seems to be controlling the families but I would also ask him to walk around so he would be in with the cast to show the equality in status at times. He would have a deep voice as many people see god as having a deep voice and as he is controlling the families and is a higher status and people see god to be in the sky. My narrator would appear at the beginning and at the end of the play. He would also appear to sing with the characters so he will be interacting with the characters. He would also be standing on the balcony at the side when he would be controlling the families I would also want him to interact with the characters as I want him walking around in between the characters when they are frozen and he is explaining to the audience what is happening. For the body language if I was showing the bad side of him I would make him stand in one place at a higher status staring down at the characters but if he’s in a good mood I want him walking around interacting with the characters. I would also give him a strong accent as many people perceive god to have a strong accent and a deep voice. He will also talk loud as that’s how many people see god. Conclusion The understanding of the narrator has helped me to analyse this dramatic technique by setting the scene, also explaining to the audience what is going on. I found it particularly useful to be able to compare the Blood Brothers narrator with the original Greek narrator and this produced me with even more understanding.

Personality Profile My Personality Essay - 1121 Words

I have to admit that I was skeptical at completing the personality profile. I thought, â€Å"How could a few questions determine everything about my management style†. When I received my results, I was astonished at how accurate these results portrayed my personality. While deciding which of my personality traits were advantageous and which were detrimental to my management style, I became conflicted as all of my scores can be portrayed as both positive and negative depending on the situation. I would classify my most advantageous trait to be scoring very low on the neuroticism scale. I have the ability to remain calm in the most stressful situations. Most would believe the neuroticism would be a negative trait. The word neuroticism, taken from the word neurotic has a negative connotation. Neuroticism is defined as being characterized as full of anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, loneliness and jealousy. I personally scored very low on this personality trait. The low score would categorize me as very calm, secure, hardy, relaxed and stable. The spectrum of these traits all lends to handling tense situations with a calm, collected even temperament. Performing managerial duties on a daily basis requires one to be all of these traits and more. Imagine a business full of employees who would like to strike or walk out due to the fact of the mother company has cancelled several of their benefits or an employee who has had multiple issue with work, home andShow MoreRelatedPersonality Profile : My Personality Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesin completing the personality profile. I thought, â€Å"How could a few questions determine everything about my management style†. When I received my results, I was astonished at how accurately those results portrayed my personality. 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This paper will discuss the different aspects of my personality profile of ENTJ (Extravert, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging), plus the characteristics and validity of each personality type and its temperament; in my case is NT â€Å"The Rationals†, who love knowledge, ENTJ - The Fieldmarshals. It will also discuss the strengths and how to utilize the weakness so they become strengths and can become part of my balanced life whenRead MoreMy Big Five Personality Profile1171 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"What is My Big Five Personality Profile both Strengths and Weaknesses† Andrew Woods Western Governors University â€Æ' A1. Describe two specific dimensions from your personality profile results that you consider to be strengths. The two dimensions from my big five personality profile that were revealed to be strengths were Openness to Experience score and my Agreeableness Score. The personality dimension of Openness to experience includes â€Å"intellectual, imaginative, curiosity, and being broad-minded†Read MoreThe Participant s Self Concept Personality1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of the research was to assess the participant’s self-concept personality (i.e., introvert or extrovert) and how they would associate with either a profile that was alike to their self-concept personality or a profile that was opposite to their self-concept personality. The three traits that were selected for the research were trustworthiness, friendliness, and likeability/physical attractiveness. Former research [â€Å"Byrne, D. (1961). Interpersonal attraction and attitude similarity. TheRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory That All Individuals Fall Into One Of Two Categories916 Words   |  4 Pagesone impleme nts the information). There is a total of 16 different combinations to create the personality profiles. These four categories are also known as dichotomies. Dichotomy is a difference between two opposite things (Merriam-Webster). After answering 72 yes or no questions at humanmetrics.com, my Jung Typology results were type ISFJ. Type ISFJ is Introvert, Sensing, Feeling and Judging. My boyfriend, Kevin, took the exact same test and his Jung Typology results were type INTJ. TypeRead MoreThe Eight Personality Types Of The Myers- Briggs Personality Test1282 Words   |  6 PagesDo you know what personality type you are? There are eight personality types in the Myers- Briggs personality test. The eight personality types are Extravert, Introvert, Sensing, Intuition, Thinking, Feeling, Judging, and Perceiving. E is for Extravert which means to act before you think. I is for Introvert which means to think before you act. S is for Sensing which means using ones five senses to observe based on thoughts and actions on concrete things. Also, not trusting your gut feeling. N isRead MoreBeh 225 Final Project1479 Words   |  6 PagesInterview Profile BEH 225 Introduction to Behavioral Science My interview profile was an evaluation of a 20 year old male where I compared and contrasted my own personality profile. During this interview, I noticed that we all have different attitudes and personalities that depend on how we are raised, environmental factors, experiences, and cultural beliefs. I begin my interview by asking my interviewee basic information. His is a twenty year old guy who is interestedRead MoreMy Results And Observations From The Four Career Profile981 Words   |  4 Pagesto summarize my results and observations from the four career profile activities. Those four career profile activities are Interests, Personalities,Values, and Skills. All four of these topics help define who you are, what you are good at, and what actions you will take. For the first career profile activity, Interest, I will be talking about my results from my three letter code(RIASEC) and my SDS(Self-Directed Search) assessment. For the second career profile activity, Personalities, I will be talkingRead MoreThe Neo Pi R : Analysis And Room With A Cue Personality Project A Fuller861 Words   |  4 Pagesresults to self-analysis and room with a cue personality project a fuller more encompassing dispositional signature is revealed, requireing all methods in testing personality traits. First, we examine the experience of taking the NEO-PI-R and the accuracy of the results. Second, a comparison between self-analysis and NEO-PI-R result specifically in correlations between methods in openness to experience and extraversion. Examining average levels of personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness

Gogatsu byou May Sickness

After Golden Week (a succession of holidays) is over, a symptom called, Gogatsu byou occurs to some Japanese people. Gogatsu means May and byou means sickness. It is a depression that affects some new students or employees during the first few months of their new life (the Japanese school year starts in April). It is not a medical term and is usually diagnosed as an adjustment disorder. It is always hard to get back to a regular routine after a nice long vacation. Japanese Translation ä ºâ€Ã¦Å"ˆçâ€"… ã‚ ´Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ'‡ãÆ' ³Ã£â€š ¦Ã£â€š £Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¯Ã£ Å'ç µâ€šÃ£â€š Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€šÃ£  ¨Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€žÃ£  «Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¦Å"ˆçâ€"…㠁 ¨Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€ Ã§â€"‡çŠ ¶Ã£  «Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã¤ º ºÃ£ Å'㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦â€" °Ã£ â€"㠁„生æ ´ »Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ §â€¹Ã£â€š Ã£ Å¸Ã£Æ' ¶Ã¦Å"ˆã  ®Ã©â€"“㠁 «Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦â€" °Ã¥â€¦ ¥Ã§â€Å¸Ã£â€šâ€žÃ¦â€" °Ã¥â€¦ ¥Ã§ ¤ ¾Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã£  «Ã£  ¿Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'る㠁†ã  ¤Ã§â€"…㠁 ®Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€šÃ£  ®Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š(æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  ®Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ º ¦Ã£  ¯Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ¦Å"ˆã  «Ã¥ §â€¹Ã£  ¾Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š) ä ºâ€Ã¦Å"ˆçâ€"…㠁 ¯Ã¥Å' »Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã§Å¡â€žÃ£  ªÃ¥  Ã§ § °Ã£  §Ã£  ¯Ã£  ªÃ£  Ã£â‚¬ Ã©  ©Ã¥ ¿Å"éšÅ"Ã¥ ® ³Ã£  ¨Ã¨ ¨ ºÃ¦â€" ­Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šÅ'る㠁“㠁 ¨Ã£ Å'Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã£ â€žÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  §Ã§ § Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¦Å"ˆçâ€"…㠁 «Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã £  ¯Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ Å'〠Ã¦ ¥ ½Ã£ â€"㠁„é• ·Ã£ â€žÃ¤ ¼â€˜Ã£  ¿Ã£  ®Ã£ â€šÃ£  ¨Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥ ¸ ¸Ã§â€Å¸Ã¦ ´ »Ã£  «Ã¦Ë† »Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ®Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€šÃ£  ®Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šË†Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬â€š Romaji Translation Gooruden wiiku ga owatta ato gurai ni, gogatsu byou to iu shoujou ni kakaru hito ga imasu. Atarashii seikatsu o hajimeta ni, san kagetsu no aida ni, shinnyuusei ya shinnyuushain ni mirareru utsubyou no youna mono desu. (Nihon no gakunendo wa shigatsu ni hajimarimasu.) Gogatsu byou wa igakutekina meishou dewa naku, tekiou shougai to shindan sareru koto ga ooi desu. Saiwaina koto ni, nihon de watashi wa gogatsu byou ni kakatta koto wa arimasen ga, tanoshii nagai yasumi no ato, nichijou seikatsu ni modoru nowa taihenna mono desu yo ne. Note: The translation is not always literal. Beginners Phrase It is always hard to get back to a regular routine after a nice long vacation. Tanoshii nagai yasumi no ato, nichijou seikatsu ni modoru nowa taihenna mono desu.㠁Ÿã  ®Ã£ â€"㠁„ 㠁 ªÃ£ Å'㠁„ や㠁™ã  ¿Ã£  ®Ã£ â€šÃ£  ¨Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  «Ã£  ¡Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€¡Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€ºÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¹Ã£  ¤Ã£  « も㠁 ©Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ®Ã£  ¯ 㠁Ÿã â€žÃ£  ¸Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£â€šâ€šÃ£  ®Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦ ¥ ½Ã£ â€"㠁„é• ·Ã£ â€žÃ¤ ¼â€˜Ã£  ¿Ã£  ®Ã£ â€šÃ£  ¨Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥ ¸ ¸Ã§â€Å¸Ã¦ ´ »Ã£  «Ã¦Ë† »Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ®Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€šÃ£  ®Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š

Essay The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain criticizes a â€Å"sivilized† society, by depicting those who are considered â€Å"civilized† to be deceiving. Huckleberry Finn, also referred to as Huck, is the protagonist and the narrator of the story. He is influenced by many, but makes decisions that contradict societal norms. As the story develops, Twain employs dramatic, situational, and cosmic irony, as Huck overcomes difficult situations throughout his journey with Jim; a slave. As Huck and Jim go down the Mississippi River, to get away from St. Petersburg, they separate after a ship was close to crashing their raft. Huck tries to find Jim, but encounters the Grangerfords. The Grangerfords are a family who accepted Huck into their†¦show more content†¦Readers thought Tom would â€Å" ...say it’s dirty, lowdown business...† (p.226) but realize the situational irony in chapter 33, when Tom agrees to free Jim, and â€Å"Tom Sawyer fell considerable in [his] estimation.† (p.226) Even though it’s ironic that Tom made his plan â€Å"adventurous†, and that Huck agreed to it. Huck is more mature, having more sense than Tom , yet he agreed with Tom’s complicated plan to free Jim. Readers suddenly come to an understanding of how much Huck cares about Jim, even if it wasn’t right for him to be helping a slave. The major characters in this novel are all considered to be slaves at a certain point, contradicting that they believe they’re socially better. The cosmic irony, is the realization of the non-slaves, actually being slaves. Jim, being an African slave, is a slave tied to his owner; the Widow Douglas. Pap, Hucks father, is a slave to alcohol, which leads to physical abuse toward Huck. The alcohol eventually gets the best of Pap and he ends up being the dead man Jim found in the abandoned house. The majority of the characters that Huck encounters, like the Duke and the Dauphin, are slaves because of their unnecessary addictions, like wealth and robbery. These unusual addictions lead to disorder in the book. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain deliberately changes the wording of â€Å"civilization† into â€Å"sivilization,† to express how Huck denies the â€Å"sivilized† lifestyle that is surrounding him. Despite the factShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the storyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novel

Corporate Financial Management

Question: Discuss and provide an example answering three questions regarding subprime mortgage.With an example explain possible causes of financial crisis. Explain how financial crisis affectedbusinesses in your own country and other countries. Answer: Introduction: The world changed after the month of September of the year 2008. This all began as the slump in the country of United States and has now become the global crisis. All the rich as well as the poor countries became its target. This subprime mortgage crisis along with the crumple of the global financial markets led to the recession for the world economy. The country of Bangladesh is not so globalised but its exports depend upon the foreign trade. But its exports of the readymade garments, shrimps, and leather is heavily the demand of the western countries. Therefore, when the world experienced the recession, the unemployment rose, there was a decline in the income of the average consumers of the US and this led to a very negative impact of the export potentials. This report aims at discussing the causes of the subprime mortgage crisis and its impact on the world and on the country of Australia. Causes of the subprime mortgage crisis: It was being said that the reason behind the subprime mortgage crisis was the financial literacy. The banks were the ones that were handing out the loans along with the rating agencies. These rating agencies were working so recklessly that they filed to figure out that there were a pile of the subprime liar loans that had a rating of triple A. the mortgage brokers such as the Countrywide Financial were the ones that encouraged the wanted to be home owners to exaggerate their earnings. The media encouraged the people to buy the homes by saying that the times were different and this held good even when they were hugely in debt and had no money whatsoever to repay that debt. The banks and the lenders trusted the distribution channels that had belonged to the different roof and this took place through the mortgage brokers and the correspondents. They encouraged the people that were working for them to take as much loans as they could even if they were unable to repay the same. They did not consider the fact of the quality standards loans so as to ensure whether they would be able to be repaid or not. They just though that the loans were being sliced down and sold in bulk, so they give the same whose credit rating was negative. The mortgage meltdown began when the United States housing bubble busted and it all began during the year 2001 and reached its peak in the year 2005. The housing bubble is the economic bubble that took occurred in the local and the global estate markets. It is defined as the rapid increase in the valuation of the real property until there were some unsustainable levels that reached in relation to the incomes and the other such indicators of affordability. These rapid increases were followed by the fall in the prices of the houses and resulted in the mortgage debt that was higher than the price of the property. Effect of subprime mortgage crisis on Bangladesh: The following is the table for the value of Export of Bangladesh by Major Commodities during 2004-2011: Commod- ity 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11* a) Primary Goods Raw Jute 80 148 149 165 148 196 268 Tea 16 12 7 15 12 6 2 Frozen Food 390 459 515 534 455 445 471 Agricultural Product 41 105 88 120 122 189 186 Other Primary Goods 26 49 75 153 133 53 53 Total Primary Goods 553 773 832 988 870 884 980 b) Manufacturing Goods Jute goods 246 361 321 318 264 540 569 Leather 211 257 266 284 177 226 210 Naphtha, furnace oil 37 88 84 185 142 301 196 Readymade garments 3538 4084 4658 5167 5919 6013 5962 Knitwear 2148 3817 4554 5533 6429 6483 6605 Chemical Product 121 206 215 216 280 103 68 Shoe 68 95 136 170 187 204 222 Handicraft 4 4 8 5 6 4 3 Engineering products 42 111 237 220 189 311 222 Other mfg. products 663 730 867 1025 1096 1527 1170 Total mfg. goods 7050 9753 11346 13123 14695 15713 15227 Grand total 7603 10526 12178 14111 15565 16597 16207 Annual Change 16.10 21.63 15.69 15.87 10.31 6.63 40.30 After the collapse of the subprime mortgage crisis of the country of United States, many of the countries of the world got into deep depression. The country of Bangladesh whose economy was least dependent upon the economies of the other countries was less vulnerable to the risks since it was already taking the steps so as to shield itself from the adverse effects of the other economies. About 90% of the exports of Bangladesh is dependent upon United States and other such developed countries. The adverse effect of the recession had a negative effect on the growth of the export of the country. The country did try not to get affected by the recession since it held its head high during the first 6 months by not allowing the figure of exports of being dropped. But soon the country too started showing the effects and this impacted the exports. Though United States witnessed a serious meltdown, the currency started falling but the Bangladeshi Taka still remained fairly stable when compared with the US $. As the result, the exports became less competitive but the imports became cheaper. The exports of many of the items were turned down but the price of the essential commodities and the raw materials also declined in the domestic market. Conclusion: The main cause of the subprime mortgage crisis were the fall in the prices of the houses in the United States. This got coupled with the poor lending practices by the credit rating agencies and the financial institutions. This further led to the restrained economic growth of the country and led many of the people to lose their jobs. References: business.cch.com, (2015). The Subprime Lending Crisis: Causes and Effects of the Mortgage Meltdown. Eldis.org, (2015). Protifolon: Impact of global financial crisis on the economy of Bangladesh - Eldis. Olen, H. (2013). What caused the subprime mortgage crisis? Not our math skills. [Online] the Guardian. Robertson, C. (2015). What Caused the Mortgage Crisis. Corporate Financial Management Questions: 1. How their decision making could be related to capital budgeting techniques such as, Internal Rate of Return,in relation to Capital Budgeting Techniques? 2. Explain and identify similarities and differences between the following two models? Answers: 1. Sensitivity analysis: Capital budgeting can be defined as looking forward. When dealing with the anticipated resources and demands uncertainty forms the major factor. Sensitivity analysis can be defined as the statistical tool, which helps in determining the consequential deviations from the anticipated value (Bodie, Kane and Marcus 2014). Sensitivity analysis is concerned with locating the amount through which one can change the data input to generate the output of the liner-programming frameworkto comparatively remain unchanged. This assists in defining the sensitivity of data that is supplied for the problem and helps in measuring the optimum levels required for each of the input. Supporting the process of decision making and developing necessary recommendations required for decision makers. This helps in facilitating proper testing of robustness of the results derived. Sensitivity Analysis helps in enhancing the process of communication from the modelers to the decision makers by providing recommendations towards more trustworthy, comprehensible, convincing or credible decisions. Sensitivity analysis helps in increasing the understanding and quantification of the systems which helps in understanding the relationships amid the input and output variables (Borgonovo and Plischke 2016). Sensitivity analysis helps in development of model, which helps in searching and locating errors in the model. It is noteworthy to denote that to perform a sensitivity analysis all the necessary inputs and considerations are associated with aprocedure in order to yield the output (Dantzig 2016). For instance, a framework of inputs and considerations of an organisation is concerned with producing a new product mightcomprise of information concerning the projectedobtainability of raw material, rate of inflation aamount of workforce engaged in the research and development activity. The output will be regarded as the new profit, which will be produced by the fresh product (Vanderbei 2015). Therefore, sensitivity analysis involves altering each variable and monitors what compels changes in the output. Usually only one variable is alteredat once and all the other factors remained fixed at their base value. This helps in easy determination of number of variable effecting the output. However, it is noteworthy to denote that not all the inputs may be independent as changing inputs at one period is not concerned with the interaction amid the inputs. Figure 1: Figure reflecting sensitivity analysis (Source Cohon2013) Sensitivity analysis helps the management as the methodology of measuring the quantity of risk involved in the projected venture. Sensitivity analysis also facilitates computing the effect of variations relating to several quantifiable elements of a plan and helps the management to recognise the probable pitfalls (Luenberger and Ye 2015). Management can made the use of the sensitivity analysis, as a tool to locate the elements of a plan if changed to some extent will create an influence on the consequence of a project. It is noteworthy to denote that business engages in several form of risk since there is no assurance that a business will earn revenue. Organisationendeavours to reduce the degree of risk as much as possible by remaining engaged in actions that helps the business in earning profit. Managers usually makes the use of sensitivity analysis before executing the plan of a new venture of business activity. Sensitivity analysis helps the managers to assess the factors that wou ld help the project to yield profit by creating an impact on the net profit value of the planned activity (Charneset al. 2013). Managers determine the process of administering risk involved in the new project or activity provided their indulgence following the use of sensitivity analysis. Scenario analysis: Scenario analysis can be defined as the procedure of approximating the anticipated value of portfolio on a given period. This involves assuming the exact deviations in the values of the portfolio securities or key elements that takes place such as the change in the rate of interest (Gelmanet al. 2014). Scenario analysis is largely used to govern the changes in the value of portfolio concerning the unfavourable event, which might be used to evaluate a theoretical worst scenario. As a tool, sensitivity analysis consists of computing different rate of reinvestment for anticipated returns that is reinvested during the investment horizon. Depending upon the principles of statistics scenario analysis provides a procedure to estimate deviation in the value of portfolio. Such deviation is based on the occurrence of numerous circumstances which is referred as scenarios following the principles of what if analysis. The scenario analysis can be used as tool to measure the amount of risk, which is present in the given investment associated with variety of probable events ranging from highly probability to highly improbable (Luenberger and Ye 2015). Based on the results derived from analysis, an investor can measure the degree of risk present falling within his comfort zone. There are several different ways of approaching scenario analysis. One of the collective method is determining the standard deviation of day-to-day or monthly security returns and then calculating the anticipated value for each of the portfolio that generates return having standard deviation above or lower than the average return. Through this method aforecaster can obtain a sensible amount of certainty concerning the change in the value of a portfolio during a given time period. Scenario analysis process is used to measure the potential investment scenarios, which can be applied to several financial circumstances to determine the shift in values based on theoretical situations. From a consumers perspective, an individual can use the scenario analysis to evaluate certain financial outcome while making a purchase on credit as opposed to saving funds for cash purchase. Businesses on the other hand can make the use of scenario analysis to determine the probable financial results of certain decisions (Charneset al. 2013). For example, selecting one of two facilities or storefronts from which business functions can be conducted. This may consist of considerations such as differences in rent, charges associated with utilities and insurance or any kind of benefit that may be available in one location but not in other location. 2. Capital asset pricing model: The capital asset pricing model is considered as the most well-known model for determination of anticipated return on securities and other financial assets. It is regarded as the asset-pricing model since the price of an asset can be backed off once the anticipated return is determined. Furthermore, the anticipated amount of return derived from the CAPM or any other kind of asset pricing model may be used to discount the future cash flows (Barberiset al. 2015). Hence, such discounted amount of cash flow is then added to determine the price of an asset. The capital asset pricing model presented by William Sharpe and John Lintner marks the establishment of an asset pricing theory. The attraction of CAPM is largely due to the simple logic and intuitively pleasing predictions concerning the procedure to measure the risk along with the relation between the anticipated rate of return and risk. The model assumes the risk of investors as averse and at the time of making portfolio selection, it considers the mean variance concerning one period investment return (Nghiem 2015). Precisely, the relevant portfolio choice by the investors is mean variance efficient, which reduces the variance in portfolio return. The common notion behind the theory of CAPM is that the investors need to compensated in two ways namely, time value of money and risk. The time value of money is represented by the risk free rate and provides compensation to the investors for placing their money in any investment over a period (Dionne, Li and Okou 2013). The risk free rate can be considered as the yield on the government bond like US treasuries. The CAPM theory lays down that the anticipated amount of return of a security or the portfolio is equivalent to the rate of risk free rate with the risk of premium. If the anticipated rate of return fails to meet the required amount of return then investment are not taken into the consideration. Capital market line: The capital market line can be defined as the kind of graph, which arises from the capital asset pricing model. The Capital asset pricing model is used to determine the theoretically suited required rate of return on a particular asset when such assets about to form a part of the existing and well performing portfolio (Huesecken, Overesch and Tassius 2016). The capital market line is a useful tool, which helps in determining the rate of return amount of efficient portfolios. The analysis of capital market line relies on the risk free rate of return with the amount of risk involved in the portfolio. The Sharpe ratio derived from certain computation highlights the proportion of risk and extra return, which a portfolio provides. Portfolio having the highest amount of Sharpe ratio is considered as the market portfolio. Eachportfolio, which is included in the market portfolio,is optimized for a specified sum of risk. Due amount of consideration is given to the sum of risk which is associa ted with the particular asset. According to the capital asset pricing model the market portfolio lays down the efficient frontier. The efficient frontier can be considered as the ingathering of portfolios. When the market ratio is combined with the risk free asset, it is capable of generating higher rate of return than the efficient frontier (Christensen, Hail and Leuz 2016). The combination of market portfolio and the risk free rate paves the birth of capital market line. Several experts have expressed their opinion of preferring capital market line over the efficient frontier. The main reason behind such preference is that Capital Market Line takes into the consideration the additional risk of risk free asset in the portfolio. Figure 2: Figure representing Capital Market Line (Source: Christensen, Hail and Leuz 2016) Capital asset pricing model provides a graphical return on the market risk and return on assets for a given time period. The capital market line acts in the form of liner combinations of the risk free asset and portfolio. Thus, portfolio under the capital market line is considered as mediocre since it reflects new efficient set (Lee and Su 2014). Capital market line is assumed to remain within the capital asset pricing model since it can highlight the rate of return for efficient portfolios, which in most probable scenarios faces the risk of market portfolio, and risk free rate of return. Difference and similarities between the capital asset pricing model and the capital market line: The difference between the capital assets pricing model and the capital market line are is that the capital market line represents the line, which reflects the rate of return and relies on the risk free rate of return along with the level of risk for a particular portfolio (Pianosiet al. 2016). One of the major differences between the capital market line and the Capital asset pricing model is the procedure of measuring the risk factors. For capital market, line standard deviation is used to measure the risk whereas for Capital asset pricing model beta coefficient is used to determine the risk factors. One of major similarity between the capital assets pricing model and the capital market line is derived by drawing a tangible line from the point of interception where the anticipated rate of return is equivalent to the rate of risk free return. The capital market line determines the risk by using the concept of standard deviation or by implementing the total risk factors (Jagricet al. 2015). On the other hand, the Capital asset pricing model measures the risk through beta, which helps in determining the risk for security contributing to the portfolio. Another key difference between the capital market line and the Capital asset pricing model is that while the capital market line graphs defines the efficient portfolios, the Capital asset pricing model determines both the aspects of efficient and non-efficient portfolios. At the time of computation of returns, the anticipated amount of return for the capital market line portfolio is highlighted on the Y-axis. In contrary to this, the Capital asset pricing model the return for securities is represented along the X-axis (Gelmanet al. 2014). The standard deviation of the portfolio is highlighted on the X-axis for capital market line while the beta value of securities is determined on the X-axis for Capital asset pricing model. The market portfolio and the risk free assets are determined by the CML however, all the security factors is determined by the CAPM. References Barberis, N., Greenwood, R., Jin, L. and Shleifer, A., 2015. X-CAPM: An extrapolative capital asset pricing model.Journal of Financial Economics,115(1), pp.1-24. Bodie, Z., Kane, A. and Marcus, A.J., 2014.Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Borgonovo, E. and Plischke, E., 2016. Sensitivity analysis: a review of recent advances.European Journal of Operational Research,248(3), pp.869-887. Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Lewin, A.Y. and Seiford, L.M. eds., 2013.Data envelopment analysis: Theory, methodology, and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Christensen, H.B., Hail, L. and Leuz, C., 2016. Capital-market effects of securities regulation: Prior conditions, implementation, and enforcement.Review of Financial Studies, p.hhw055. Cohon, J.L., 2013.Multiobjective programming and planning. Courier Corporation. Dantzig, G., 2016.Linear programming and extensions. Princeton university press. Dionne, G., Li, J. and Okou, C., 2013. An Extension of the Consuption-Based CAPM Model. Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, H.S. and Rubin, D.B., 2014.Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman Hall/CRC. Huesecken, B., Overesch, M. and Tassius, A., 2016. Capital Market Reaction to Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Luxleaks. Jagric, T., Podobnik, B., Strasek, S. and Jagric, V., 2015. Risk-adjusted performance of mutual funds: some tests.South-eastern Europe journal of Economics,5(2). Lee, M.C. and Su, L.E., 2014. Capital Market Line Based on Efficient Frontier of Portfolio with Borrowing and Lending Rate.Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance,2(4), pp.69-76. Luenberger, D.G. and Ye, Y., 2015.Linear and nonlinear programming(Vol. 228). Springer. Nghiem, L., 2015. Risk-return relationship: An empirical study of different statistical methods for estimating the Capital Asset Pricing Models (CAPM) and the Fama-French model for large cap stocks.arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.07101. Pianosi, F., Beven, K., Freer, J., Hall, J.W., Rougier, J., Stephenson, D.B. and Wagener, T., 2016. Sensitivity analysis of environmental models: A systematic review with practical workflow.Environmental Modelling Software,79, pp.214-232. Vanderbei, R.J., 2015.Linear programming. Springer.

An Element Of Arts And Science Essay Example For Students

An Element Of Arts And Science Essay Astrology provides a very debatable kind of knowledge that is generally assessed by the intelligent as a useless kind of knowledge, which only makes sense for the ignorant. At the same time astrology is usually associated with gypsies and hucksters, who are known for their deceptive and fake knowledge, as they try to deceive people for their own financial interest. On the other hand, we find people with high education attempting to study astrology and very much respect the kind of knowledge it offers them. Whether such knowledge offered through teaching astrology in universities is worth doing or to be considered an inapplicable knowledge for high education is a critical decision to make, which requires obtaining a great insight about astrology it self as an academic field in order to be able to make a correct assessment. Astrology is actually a combined form of knowledge that both combine both the element of art and of science in its essence. It contains the mathematical element as well as the artistic element o symbolism (Astrology 891). Scientists usually disregard the art side of astrology and focus on the basic mathematical part of it, as they judge it as useless and insignificant. This actually destroys the wholeness and balance within the realm itself. This may be considered a reason for misunderstanding the real value of knowledge in astrology. It is also a fact that every field is vulnerable to be used by ignorant people who devoid it totally of its meaning and value, in order to sell it as cheap as possible in a market of ignorance that unfortunately have many customers who are wiling to buy, again this helps in misunderstanding Astrology (Astrology 891); and as there is the presence of the competent and the incompetent in every field, and people usually search for the best in every profession, so why exclude Astrology (Astrology 896). Astrology requires a sophisticated kind of thinking as it combines artistic and scientific knowledge, it can therefore never be considered as insignificant knowledge. It may not be appreciated by scientists due to the artistic element provided within it, and their total dependence on reason for discovering reality since the onset of the renaissance; thus reviving such forms of knowledge actually, shows the evolution of knowledge and thinking that reflects the significance of intuitive forms of knowledge besides the pure rational ones. The astrological knowledge in itself consists of a natural balance between intuitive and rational knowledge, and disturbing this balance will only lead to the production of inconsistent forms of knowledge that seem to appear on the surface to help in the generation of misunderstandings regarding astrology. The argument of scientists against Astrology reflects the on going disagreement between scientific knowledge and intuitive forms of knowledge. Scientists never admit the truth in any intuitive understanding, and they usually regarded as invalid. They never accept the fact the mystery is part of reality and that the rational mind can never be able to reach full understanding of the universe. Astrology is a balanced kind of knowledge as it respects both forms of thinking, which in fact a respect for nature and for the human being as part of that nature. I feel that the purpose of a reading is to understand ones life challenges And potential, to provide an opportunity for self reflection and life Evaluation, as well as to confirm ones intuitive sense of what ones Life is about (Astrology 895). Human beings as well as nature are made of matter and soul that can never be detached from each other as long as life is there. How can scientists reach the truth if they are actually altering the natural balance in life by looking for material proof and ignoring the intuitive reality of nature? The soul remains a mystery that can never be explained by scientific truth, and science can not resolve the question of life and death. There fore, accepting astrology as a significant form of knowledge by a scientist is truly a question of him admitting intuition as a part of reality. .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 , .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .postImageUrl , .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 , .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678:hover , .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678:visited , .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678:active { border:0!important; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678:active , .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678 .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u198a9e4559a3b67746c27d4b66d4a678:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History--Historical Analysis Of Jerzy Kosinskis The Painted Bird The P EssayFrom another side, if the issue had not been on intuition, regarding astrology, it is still a form of knowledge that surely provides the individual with some insight about life and introduces him to different kinds of thinking; it should be even credited for this reason alone, my studies in Astrology, as well as in other fields, are attempts to understand the grand design of the whole (Astrology 894). Scientists also accuse Astrological interpretive knowledge of not being exact stars incline but do not compel (A critical 882), and this fact works against scientific logic which is sharp and determi nant. But actually, life in it self is never exact or straight forward and clear as mathematical knowledge entails for instance. Astrology may actually provide the best for of understanding of life and nature; it allows people to understand reality the way it is without trying to alter its nature. The whole issue of prediction and future related knowledge can never be definite or fully explainable, to discuss future probabilities is much like giving a weather report (Astrology 896). On the other hand, it should be admitted that Astrological knowledge may help in creating dependent and weak individuals, if they used it wrongly. It might lead them to spin in a cycle, which they might not be able to break. People can stress too much on the intuitive knowledge in Astrology and thus once again altering its balance of logic and intuition and thus getting again a wrong insight about life and nature, with an accompanied change in personality and attitude to life Astrology, when practiced as completely as possible, takes away from ach of us our right and duty to make our own personal decisions (A Critical 882). In the case of a scientist who puts great emphasis on logic and excludes intuition, makes him a rough and rigid person who stands weak in front of the scientifically unexplained mysteries of the world; while in the case of the ignorant who does the opposite to give too much significance to intuition and disregards reason suffers another kind of weakness that creates a dependent and shattered personality. But again we must also admit that this would be the case with any field if wrongly interpreted. All in all, I believe that Astrology is a sophisticated form of knowledge that should be respected for the special thinking abilities it provides an individual who studies it. It also reflects on the importance of providing a balance between Art and Science, and thus between logic and intuition, which is found deep within the nature of man and the universe he lives in. I would very strongly recommend all institutions of high education to teach Astrology in order to correct the misunderstanding entitled to it, and thus expose the rich and deep knowledge it provides.